MORE REVISION

1.-If he ……………………………. (buy) a lottery ticket that morning, his life would have changed. COMPLETE

2.-Unless someone ………………………….. (claim) the prize by 11 pm, the money will be put into the good causes fund. COMPLETE / REWRITE USING “IF”

3.-Give me your address, in case I visit Barcelona. REWRITE USING A MODAL VERB

4.-If you ……………………….. (be) so hard on her, she wouldn’t have burst into tears like that. COMPLETE

5.-I wouldn’t be surprised if you ……………………………..(end up) in a ditch, the way you’re driving.

6.-Last year the prices in this shop were lower. REWRITE WITH “CHEAP”. This year the prices…

7.-I think this exercise is easy. REWRITE WITH “DIFFICULT”. This exercise is …………………………………… I thought.

8.-“Why don’t we go to the concert?” Peter said. REPORTED SPEECH WITH “SUGGESTED”

9.-They left for London. REWRITE WITH A PHRASAL VERB, “SET…”

10.-Mary told Sarah to stop working so hard. CHANGE TO DIRECT SPEECH 

11.-“Don’t use your mobile phone here.” The teacher asked the student. CHANGE TO REPORTED SPEECH

12.-Jill told Marin: “Don’t forget to turn the radio off when you go to bed.” INDIRECT SPEECH WITH “REMINDED”

13.-In the near future, scientists ……………………………….. (work) on the moon. VERB TENSE

14.-Last night Peter …………………. (go) rigid with fear as he ………………. (realise) someone …………………… (come) in his garage. VERB TENSES

15.-“Who is the first on the list?” The new teacher asked. CHANGE TO REPORTED SPEECH

16.-Jim is good at maths. His father is an engineer. JOIN USING A RELATIVE PRONOUN

17.-The test was on Tuesday. I was ill that day. JOIN USING A RELATIVE PRONOUN

18.-This is my friend Sam. He knows how to windsurf. JOIN USING A RELATIVE PRONOUN

19.-I like him. He is so interesting. REWRITE USING “SUCH”

20.-………………. (control) the traffic is not an easy task. CORRECT VERB FORM

21.-He doesn’t really mind……………………… (wait) outside. CORRECT VERB FORM

22.-I always listen to music ………………………. (relax). CORRECT VERB FORM

23.-……………… (invent) things is fun but it is difficult ……………….(make) money from inventions. CORRECT VERB FORM

24.-¿Tiene el ticket the compra? TRANSLATE

25.-¿Te apetece salir otra noche? TRANSLATE

26.-¿Dónde se nos permite aparcar?

27.-Since he was 12. WRITE A QUESTION

28.-He is tall and handsome. WRITE A QUESTION

29.-Tom’s. WRITE A QUESTION

30.-Hace siglos que no veo a tu hermana. La última vez que quedamos fue hace tres meses. TRANSLATE

31.-My brother …………………………(dream) of going to work abroad since he finished university. VERB TENSE

32.-We ……………………………..(finish) cleaning the house by the time the guests arrived.

33.-“Don’t eat that cake now!” He warned me. REPORTED SPEECH

34.- My father is going to give me a guitar for my birthday. (2 PASSIVE SENTENCES)

35.-A new hairdresser has cut my hair. CAUSATIVE FORM

36.-They didn’t go to London, so they didn’t visit their friends. REWRITE WITH A CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

37.-People say my friends are very noisy. CHANGE TO TWO IMPERSONAL FORMS

38.-“Will you come back tomorrow?” My grandma asked me. REPORTED SPEECH

39.-It is possible that a student from my class won the singing contest. REWRITE USING A MODAL VERB

40.-I didn’t revise enough for the test and now I regret it. REWRITE USING A MODAL VERB

FINAL REVISION.2

Here you have two documents to revise all the grammar: 

REVISION

B1.TRANSFORMATIONS



FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS TO TRANSFORM THESE SENTENCES: 

1. The last time I saw him was in 2001. (Rewrite starting with “I haven't _________”.

2. It isn't necessary to bring skis as they are included in the package. (rewrite using a modal)

3. Tom said to his wife, "I will be playing tennis when you arrive." (reported speech)

4. “Jack is coming to visit us next weekend.” Mark told his parents. (reported speech)

5. Maurice didn't come to the meeting yesterday. Perhaps he was ill. (rewrite using might)

6. I think Tom needs to see a doctor. His cough is terrible. (rewrite using a modal verb)

7. "Why don't we take a holiday?", said Peter. (reported speech with suggested)

8. “Don’t forget the concert starts at 8 o’clock.” Marta told Peter. (reported speech with reminded)

9. She has probably found a new job. (rewrite with a modal verb)

10. They finished the project in time for the presentation. (passive) (future perfect-interrogative)

11. They have given him all the information. (negative-affirmative) (2 passive)

12. Peter wasn't charged with an offense when the police caught him stealing the first time. (active / passive)

13. Can you accompany Sarah to the party? (change to future-interrogative)

14. She wasn't responsible for the accident. (present perfect-interrogative-affirmative)

15. No arrests had been made, and no one had claimed responsibility. (active / passive)

16. A group of eight senators planned to introduce a proposal on Tuesday. (present continuous-negative-interrogative)

17. A quake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale struck near Iran’s border with Pakistan. (present perfect interrogative)  (past simple-interrogative)

18. An amendment to an old treaty between the United States and Mexico will send more water down to restore native habitat and local and migratory wildlife. (passive) (past simple-interrogative)

19. Critics were quick to point out irregularities in the study. (future simple-interrogative) (past perfect-negative) (future simple-negative)

20. Most residents in assisted-living centers suffer from multiple ailments.  (present simple-interrogative) (past simple-negative) (future continuous-affirmative)

21. Supporters of the newly elected Venezuelan president, Nicolás Maduro, are celebrating  victory on the streets of Caracas. (passive) (past simple-interrogative)

22. For decades, the members of Spain’s royal family were treated with profound deference by the public, politicians and the media. (active) (present perfect-interrogative)

23. Thousands of people demonstrated against the monarchy in central Madrid on Sunday. (future continous-interrogative) (past perfect-interrogative)

24. Spanish regional governments gave Iñaki Urdangarín lucrative contracts to organize sports events.  (present perfect-interrogative) (2 passive)

25. The judge in the case also subpoenaed Mr. Urdangarin’s wife, Princess Cristina. (passive) (passive-future simple)

REPORTED SPEECH HOMEWORK

Reported Speech. Statements

1. “I have worked at this company since last month.” / She said …

2. “They are watching TV now.” / She said …

3. “My father drives to work every day.” / He said …

4. “I thought about changing my job last year.” / Alan said …

5. “I’m flying to Chicago tomorrow.” / Susan said …

Reported Speech. Questions 1) Mandy: "Are your children reading this book here?" /Mandy asked me …

2) Jason: "Who gave you this laptop yesterday?" /Jason wanted to know…

3) Robert: "Is Tim leaving next Friday?" /Robert wondered…

4) Daniel: "Will it rain tomorrow?" /Daniel asked me …

5) Jennifer: "Where do you play football today?" /Jennifer wanted to know…

Reported Speech. Commands

1) He said: ‘Be quiet right now.’ /He urged them…

2)“Don’t open your book while you are doing these tests.” The teacher warned the students./ The teacher warned the students…

RELATIVE CLAUSES

RELATIVE SENTENCES

DEFINING OR NON-DEFINING?

Relative clauses add extra information to a sentence by defining a noun. They are usually divided into two types – defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.

Non-defining relative clauses

Look at this sentence.

• My grandfather, who is 87, goes swimming every day.

‘who is 87’ is a non-defining relative clause. It adds extra information to the sentence. If we take the clause out of the sentence, the sentence still has the same meaning.

Look at some more examples.

• The film, which stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.
• My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in Hong Kong at the moment.
• The car, which can reach speeds of over 300km/ph, costs over $500,000.

Non-defining relative clauses add extra information to sentences.

Defining or non-defining?

Remember that defining relative clauses are used to add important information. The sentence would have a different meaning without the defining relative clause.

• I’m going to wear the skirt that I bought in London. The defining relative clause tells us which skirt.
• The skirt, which is a lovely dark blue colour, only cost £10. The non-defining relative clause doesn’t tell us which skirt – it gives us more information about the skirt.

Non-defining relative clauses can use most relative pronouns (which, whose etc,) but they CAN’T use ‘that’ and the relative pronoun can never be omitted.

• The film, that stars Tom Carter, is released on Friday.

Non-defining relative clauses are more often used in written English than in spoken English. You can tell that a clause is non-defining because it is separated by commas at each end of the clause.


Possessive: WHOSE
Example: He's the man whose car was stolen last week.
They were sure to visit the town whose location (OR the location of which) was little known.



SUBJECT OR OBJECST PRONOUNS?

RELATIVE PRONOUN, NECESSARY OR NOT?

RELATIVE PRONOUN, NECESSARY OR NOT? (2)

RELATIVE ADVERBS


Exercise 1

EXERCISE 2

Choose the right pronoun:
1. It is the book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I've just read.
2. She is the girl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sat next to me in the bus.
3. They are the people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . helped me.
4. This is the dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scared me.

Build one sentence (containing a defining relative clause) with these two sentences:
5. A robot is a machine. It can replace human workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
6. A vet is a doctor. He treats animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
7. Pets are animals. They are kept at home as companions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
8. A robot is a machine. It looks like a human being. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exercise 3 Decide whether the following clauses are defining or non-defining clauses. Insert commas where necessary.

1. The car which was a rare sports coupe was built in 1966.
2. We invited the boy who Tom had met the week before to the party.
3. Our friends who we met at university are coming to visit next week.
4. That is the building where they shot the film 'Vanilla Sky'.
5. Mr Jackson whose son also goes to this school will be attending the party next weekend.
6. The author's latest book which has become a bestseller is about two children in Jamaica.

Exercise 4   Work together to expand the following story by using as many non-defining relative clauses as you can. Feel free to make a funny story!
A man called Peter took an airplane to New York to visit his sister. When he arrived at the airport, a old man asked him a question. Peter gave a short reply and the man invited him for a drink. Peter accepted, and after he had the drink, caught the airplane to New York. When he got to his sister's apartment, his sister invited him into the living room. As he entered the room, he was surprised to see the same man.

EXERCISE 5

Join the following pairs of sentences. There are defining and non-defining

relative sentences.

1. The woman showed me a photograph of her son. Her son is a policeman.

2. The new stadium will be opened next month. The stadium holds

90,000 people.

3. John is one of my closest friends. I have known John for eight years

4. The boy is one of my closest friends. He is waiting for me.

5. Thank you for your letter. I was very happy to get your letter.

6. The letter is in the drawer. Peter has sent the letter to you.

7. Next week-end I’m going to Glasgow. My sister lives in Glasgow.

8. Next summer we are visiting the town. My father was born in this

town.

9. The storm caused a lot of damage. Nobody had been expecting

the storm.

10. That man over there is an artist. I don’t remember his name.

11. Mr Yates is retiring next month. He has worked for the same

company all his life.

12. My sister is visiting us next week. You once met her.

13. Mr Carter is very interested in our plan. I spoke to him last night.

14. I’ve just bought some books about astronomy. I’m very interested

in astronomy.

15. The man is in prison. Janet fell in love with this man.

16. Mr Roberts is in prison. Janet fell in love with him.


DO TESTS 1, 2, 3, 4.